ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC, LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG DO MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE TẠI KHOA NHI, TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THANH THỦY NĂM 2023 – 2024

Abstract

Objective: The study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of community acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the Pediatrics Department of Thanh Thuy District Medical Center from 2023 to 2024. Research subjects and methods: A prospective and retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 194 pediatric patients, ranging from newborns to 5 years old, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia caused by *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* from July 2023 to June 2024. Epidemiological, clinical, and subclinical characteristics, as well as treatment outcomes, were assessed based on medical records. Results: The most affected age group was 24 months to 5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The distribution of disease incidence by age group showed no significant difference between genders. The disease occurred year-round, with hospitalization peaking in October (17%). The main clinical symptoms included cough (100%), upper respiratory tract inflammation (88.7%), fever (53.6%), moist lung rales (100%), and wheezing (50%). Common extrapulmonary manifestations included gastrointestinal symptoms (58.8%), and the disease was mostly mild. Laboratory findings showed that most patients had normal peripheral white blood cell counts, while serum CRP levels were elevated. Chest X-rays primarily revealed bilateral bronchial wall thickening, perihilar lesions, and unilateral lobar consolidation. Macrolides and quinolones were the most commonly used antibiotics. The cure rate was high, with no reported fatalities. The average hospital stay was 6 ± 1.4 days for children who had previously taken medication at home and 5 ± 5.7 days for those who had not. Conclusion: The disease can occur in children of any age and at any time of the year, community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma Pneumonia tends to be younger. Common clinical symptoms include cough and fever, while moist lung rales are frequently observed on physical examination. Laboratory tests typically show normal peripheral white blood cell counts and elevated CRP levels. Macrolides and quinolones are the most commonly used antibiotics for treatment. The cure rate is high, with no reported fatalities.