HẠ CANXI MÁU Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 2 TUỔI: ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ HÓA SINH

Abstract

Hypocalcemia is common emergency disorder in children, especially children less than 2 years of age. Diversity of clinical manifestations are from asymptomatic, convulsions, lethargy, poor feeding, and severe cases hospitalized with cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia. Objectives: to describe the clinical and biochemistry characteristics of hypocalcaemia in children less than 2 years of age. Patients and methods: 20 children less than 2 years of age were diagnosed with hypocalcemia treated at the National Children's Hospital during 18 months (Oct 2019 to Apr 2021). This is descriptive case series study. Results: The disorder is most common in children less than 2 months of age (80%) with symptoms of convulsions (95%), irritation - crying, lethargy, in addition,  two cases presented with cardiac arrhythmia extended Qtc. Blood calcium levels were severely reduced with total calcium levels 1.32±0.22 mmol/l, ion calcium levels 0.7±0.15 mmol/l.  Vitamin D deficiency was proved in both child and the child's mother. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is common in children less than 2 months of age. The main clinical symptom was seizures. Supplementing vitamin D for children right after birth, supplementing with a reasonable diet rich in calcium and vitamin D for mothers during pregnancy and lactation helps to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia in children less than 2 years of age.