KHẢO SÁT NGUYÊN NHÂN GÂY BỆNH VIÊM MÀNG BỒ ĐÀO TRƯỚC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the etiological distribution and clinical characteristics of anterior uveitis at the National Institute of Ophthalmology. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the National Institute of Ophthalmology from September 2023 to June 2025. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical examinations and laboratory tests to determine the etiology. Collected data included age, sex, medical history, clinical features, and underlying causes. Results: A total of 43 patients (54 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 46.14 ± 14.73 years (range: 14 to 69), with 22 males (51.2%). Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 0 to 2.0 logMAR, with a mean of 0.462 ± 0.523 logMAR. Eighteen eyes (33.3%) had elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and there was a statistically significant association between viral anterior uveitis and elevated IOP (p < 0.05). 32 patients (74,4%) had unilateral anterior uveitis. Infectious anterior uveitis accounted for 53.5%, which was more common than non-infectious causes (46.5%). Among infectious etiologies, cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the most common (32.6%), followed by herpes simplex virus (HSV, 9.3%) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV, 4.7%). Among non-infectious cases, idiopathic anterior uveitis was the most frequent (39.5%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that infectious anterior uveitis is common, with CMV being the most frequently identified pathogen.