MÔ TẢ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG HẠ ĐƯỜNG HUYẾT Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYP 2 CÓ TIÊM INSULIN ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA NỘI TIẾT - ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG, BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin at the Department of Endocrinology – Diabetes, Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 120 type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin who were admitted due to hypoglycemia or experienced hypoglycemia during hospitalization at the Department of Endocrinology – Diabetes, Bach Mai Hospital from July 2024 to July 2025. Results: The average age was 69.23 ± 11.13 years, with 83.3% of patients aged ≥ 60 years. Male patients accounted for 65.8%. Hypoglycemia with central nervous system symptoms was observed in 33.3% of cases, autonomic symptoms in 12.5%, and asymptomatic episodes in 21.7%. The mean blood glucose level during hypoglycemia was 2.43 ± 0.99 mmol/L. The mean HbA1c was 8.33 ± 2.18%, with 71.7% of patients having HbA1c ≥ 7%; 91.2% of severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred in the group with HbA1c < 7%. Out-of-hospital hypoglycemia was significantly more severe than in-hospital hypoglycemia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin is a common and potentially life-threatening complication, especially in elderly patients and those with poor glycemic control. It is essential to individualize treatment goals, closely monitor blood glucose levels, appropriately adjust insulin doses, and provide patient education to reduce hypoglycemic events and related mortality.