ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ DINH DƯỠNG TĨNH MẠCH Ở TRẺ SƠ SINH NON THÁNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHUYÊN KHOA SẢN NHI TỈNH SÓC TRĂNG NĂM 2024 - 2025

Abstract

Background: Preterm neonates are at the highest risk of morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have demonstrated that early initiation and adequate dosing of parenteral nutrition in the first days of life can improve physical growth, reduce complications in extremely preterm infants. Timely monitoring and adjustment of parenteral nutrition components are key factors in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and quality of care. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates at Soc Trang Hospital for Women and Children. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical components, conducted on preterm infants who were indicated for parenteral nutrition and treated at the hospital from June 2024 to June 2025, following the ESPGHAN 2024 guidelines. Results: A total of 52 male infants were included. The gestational age group from 32 to <37 weeks accounted for 60 infants. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 66.3%, and respiratory distress was observed in 39.5% of cases. Early parenteral nutrition was initiated in 83 infants, with 41 requiring central venous access. Protein administration on day 1 was initiated in 70.9% of infants, while lipids were started on day 2 in 55.8%. Infants with gestational age from 32 to <37 weeks had an average weight gain of 21.6 ± 2.9 g/day. Those with 1–2 comorbid conditions had a higher average weight gain of 25.4 ± 5.3 g/day, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress are common in preterm infants. Infants with gestational age from 32 to <37 weeks showed significant improvement in weight gain with early parenteral nutrition. The ESPGHAN 2024 guidelines should be implemented to support treatment and promote catch-up growth during illness.