TỶ LỆ TRẺ SƠ SINH ĐỦ THÁNG NHẸ CÂN VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI TỈNH CÀ MAU, GIAI ĐOẠN 2023-2024

Abstract

Background: Term low birth weight (TLBW) primarily reflects intrauterine growth restriction, which increases the risk of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term adverse developmental outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of TLBW and to identify maternal factors associated with TLBW at Ca Mau Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital during 2023–2024. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 4,940 mother–infant pairs with term deliveries between January 2023 and December 2024. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of TLBW was 5.93% (293/4,940). Multivariable analysis revealed five independent maternal factors associated with TLBW: pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12–2.45; p = 0.003), gestational weight gain <9 kg (aOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.54–3.91; p < 0.001), fewer than three antenatal visits (aOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.18–3.14; p = 0.002), interpregnancy interval ≤24 months (aOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.16–3.18; p = 0.002), and maternal comorbidities during pregnancy (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.12–2.97; p = 0.0001). Maternal age, parity, and place of residence were not significant after adjustment. Conclusion: The prevalence of TLBW at term in Ca Mau during 2023–2024 was 5.93%. Modifiable risk factors include maternal undernutrition (low BMI, inadequate gestational weight gain), limited antenatal care, short interpregnancy intervals, and pregnancy-related comorbidities.