KHẢO SÁT MỘT SỐ BẤT THƯỜNG HỆ THẦN KINH TRUNG ƯƠNG THAI NHI TRÊN SIÊU ÂM VÀ CỘNG HƯỞNG TỪ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN HÀ NỘI

Abstract

Objective: To describe the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of certain fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 208 pregnant women with suspected fetal CNS abnormalities detected by ultrasound and subsequently indicated for fetal MRI from January 2023 to December 2024. Results: The mean maternal age was 29.08 ± 5.64 years, and the mean gestational age was 29.37 ± 3.78 weeks. In most cases (82.69%), ultrasound and MRI were performed on the same day. Midline abnormalities were the most common findings (54.81% on ultrasound, 59.13% on MRI), followed by ventriculomegaly (49.04%). The least common findings were cerebral vascular anomalies and brain tumors. Ultrasound effectively detected major abnormalities such as ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum agenesis, encephalocele, and spina bifida. However, it had limitations in assessing the cerebral cortex, white matter, and posterior fossa. MRI provided better visualization of lesions, particularly in cases involving cortical malformations, midline anomalies, posterior fossa abnormalities, hemorrhage, infarction, cystic lesions, and tumors. In several cases, MRI helped refine or alter the initial diagnosis. Conclusion: Ultrasound and MRI play complementary roles in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal CNS abnormalities. MRI is particularly valuable when ultrasound findings are limited, improving diagnostic accuracy and supporting counseling, prognosis, and pregnancy management.