KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC VÀ TÌNH HÌNH KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PHÂN LẬP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHỢ RẪY

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in hospital environments, especially among critically ill patients undergoing invasive procedures. Its increasing antibiotic resistance poses a global health threat, with the World Health Organization (2024) classified as an important, high priority pathogen. In Vietnam, resistance rates to key antibiotic groups such as carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides are notably high, particularly in tertiary hospitals like Cho Ray hospital. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates collected at Cho Ray Hospital from November 2023 to July 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 90 P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical specimens. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 Compact system and broth microdilution for colistin, interpreted according to CLSI M100–2024 guidelines. Results: The majority of isolates were from male patients (81.1%), those aged ≥60 years (41.1%) and in surgical wards (45.6%). Respiratory tract infections were the most common (34.4%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (30%). High resistance rates were observed for levofloxacin and ticarcillin–clavulanic acid (75.6%), imipenem (72.2%), meropenem and ciprofloxacin (71.1%), and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (68.9%). Colistin showed the lowest resistance rate (1.1%). No statistically significant differences in resistance rates were found between genders or age groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa at Cho Ray Hospital is notably high, underscoring the urgency of antimicrobial stewardship. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, infection control measures, and resistance surveillance to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant strains.