TỶ LỆ TRẺ SINH NON VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI TỈNH CÀ MAU NĂM 2024

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term developmental complications. Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential to reduce preterm birth rates and improve pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of preterm births and assess maternal epidemiological and clinical factors associated with preterm delivery at Ca Mau Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 2,378 mothers who gave birth at Ca Mau Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital from January to December 2024. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The preterm birth rate was 9.59% (228/2,378). Multivariate logistic regression identified six independent risk factors: pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 (aOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.12–2.93; p = 0.01), gestational weight gain <9 kg (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12–2.48; p = 0.01), interpregnancy interval <24 months (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.31–3.14; p = 0.01), maternal complications during pregnancy (aOR = 4.63; 95% CI: 2.35–7.93; p < 0.0001), history of preterm birth (aOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 2.24–5.28; p = 0.001), and previous cesarean delivery (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.09–3.41; p = 0.003). Maternal age, place of residence, and parity were not significantly associated after adjustment. Conclusion: The preterm birth rate at Ca Mau in 2024 was 9.59%. Modifiable risk factors include maternal undernutrition (low BMI and inadequate weight gain), short interpregnancy interval, adverse obstetric history, and pregnancy complications.