TỶ LỆ HIỆN MẮC BỆNH VỀ DA VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ CỦA BỆNH DA TẠI MỘT XÃ VEN BIỂN VIỆT NAM

Abstract

Background: Skin diseases are highly prevalent worldwide and significantly affect quality of life, especially in coastal communities frequently exposed to sunlight, brackish water, and chemicals. However, epidemiological data at the commune level remain limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of skin diseases and associated risk factors among residents of Long Dien Dong commune, Dong Hai district, Bac Lieu province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 219 residents between August 2024 and May 2025. Participants underwent clinical screening and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of skin diseases was 16.9%. Inflammatory and allergic conditions accounted for 73.0% (contact dermatitis 32.4%, sensitive skin 24.3%, eczema 16.2%), while infectious diseases represented 27.0% (scabies 10.8%, dermatophytosis 8.1%). Self-reported causes included living/working environment (75.7%), individual predisposition (48.6%), and lifestyle habits (45.9%). Lesions on the head–face were more associated with infectious diseases (p=0.004), whereas inflammatory–allergic conditions predominated on the hands, feet, and body. Sun exposure exceeding two hours per day was significantly associated with inflammatory–allergic diseases (p=0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of skin diseases in Long Dien Dong commune was 16.9%, predominantly inflammatory–allergic types. Environmental and occupational exposures in coastal areas were major risk factors. Strengthening health communication, promoting protective equipment use, and implementing community-based interventions are essential to reduce the burden of skin diseases.