NGUYÊN NHÂN VI SINH VẬT VÀ TÍNH KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA VI KHUẨN GÂY VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To determine the microbial etiology and antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years old at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 252 pediatric patients with confirmed diagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia from August 2024 to August 2025 at the Pediatric Center of Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Results: Children aged 2 to <12 months accounted for the majority of cases (53.2%). Bacterial isolation results showed S. pneumoniae as the most common pathogen (69.8%), followed by S. aureus (18.3%) and H. influenzae (7.5%). Among detected viruses, RSV had the highest prevalence (32.8%). Antibiotic resistance of S. pneumoniae was most frequent with erythromycin (96.5%), clindamycin (92%), and tetracycline (90.9%). S. aureus showed the highest resistance to benzyl penicillin (95.5%) and ceftriaxone (92.3%). H. influenzae demonstrated resistance to ampicillin (92.9%), ampicillin + sulbactam (88.2%), TMP/SMZ (82.4%), and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (82.4%). Conclusion: The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in S. pneumoniae to erythromycin, S. aureus to benzyl penicillin, and H. influenzae to ampicillin. All these bacteria remained sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin.