TỶ LỆ NHIỄM VIRUS VIÊM GAN B VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH HIẾN MÁU TẠI XÃ YÊN TRẠCH TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adult blood donors in Yen Trach commune, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, and to analyze associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 adults (≥18 years) residing in Yen Trach for at least one year. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire in combination with serological tests for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 with Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was 14.2%. The rates of previous exposure (anti-HBc positivity) and protective immunity (anti-HBs positivity) were 42.1% and 27.4%, respectively. Notably, several cases exhibited concurrent positivity for HBsAg and anti-HBs, a phenomenon possibly reflecting reinfection or coexistence of antigen and antibody due to viral mutations, underscoring the complexity of HBV immunity. Age, family history of HBV infection, and prior testing for HBsAg were significantly associated with infection status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HBV infection remains prevalent among adults in Yen Trach commune, while protective immunity is limited. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen community-based screening, counseling, and supplementary vaccination programs to narrow immunity gaps and mitigate the risk of HBV transmission.