KẾT QUẢ BƠM XI MĂNG SINH HỌC CÓ BÓNG ĐIỀU TRỊ XẸP ĐỐT SỐNG VÙNG BẢN LỀ NGỰC – THẮT LƯNG DO LOÃNG XƯƠNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT ĐỨC

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of treating patients with thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) using percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on 81 patients diagnosed with single-level thoracolumbar junction  OVCFs who were treated with BKP at Viet Duc University Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the modified MacNab criteria for quality of life. Radiological outcomes were evaluated by measuring vertebral body height and kyphotic angles (vertebral body collapse angle, Cobb angle) before and at follow-up points after the procedure. Results: The mean age of the study group was 68 ± 10,2 years, with females accounting for the majority (75,3%). All patients were diagnosed with severe osteoporosis, with a mean T-score of -3,4 ± 0,7. The mean VAS score significantly improved from 7,1 ± 1,6 preoperatively to 2,2 ± 1,2 immediately postoperatively, and to 0.4 ± 0,8 at the 12-month follow-up (p<0.001). Regarding radiological outcomes, the heights of the anterior, middle, and posterior vertebral walls all showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.001). Kyphotic deformities also decreased substantially: the mean vertebral body collapse angle reduced from 14° to 7,8°, and the mean Cobb angle decreased from 13,7° to 9,5°. At 12 months, 96,3% of patients achieved good or excellent outcomes according to the MacNab criteria. The complication rate was low, with asymptomatic cement leakage (11,1% anterior leakage, 6,2% intradiscal leakage) and 3 cases (3,7%) of subsequent new vertebral fractures. Conclusion: Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure for treating thoracolumbar junction OVCFs. This method not only provides rapid and sustained pain relief but also effectively restores the anatomical morphology of the spine, thereby significantly improving patients' quality of life.