ĐẶC ĐIỂM VIÊM PHỔI DO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 1 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA XANH PÔN

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the important causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years old, presenting with diverse clinical manifestations. It often follows a severe clinical course, which can lead to death due to necrotizing pneumonia and the increasing issue of antibiotic resistance. Objective: To describe the clinical, paraclinical characteristics and evaluate treatment outcomes of pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus in children. Subjects: 53 children aged 1 month to 5 years with S. aureus pneumonia treated at Saint Paul General Hospital from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2025. Methods: Retrospective combined with prospective study, case series description. Results: The age group under 2 months accounted for the highest proportion (50.94%), with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1. The most common reasons for admission were cough (92%) and wheezing (56.6%). Major symptoms included cough, fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, and pulmonary crackles. The chest X-ray image shows a significant proportion (43.4%) of heterogeneous consolidation. Nasopharyngeal culture revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the predominant strain (56.6%). MRSA isolates were completely resistant to β-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics, highly resistant to erythromycin (65.4%) and clindamycin (73.3%), while fully susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The average length of hospital stay was 11.11 days. The successful treatment rate (cured/improved) was 96.2%. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment of S. aureus pneumonia, particularly in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance among MRSA strains