KẾT CỤC SỚM Ở TRẺ SƠ SINH CỦA NHỮNG SẢN PHỤ ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - CƠ SỞ 2

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may cause numerous complications for both the mother and the neonate, particularly during the early neonatal period. This study aimed to describe neonatal outcomes among infants born to mothers with GDM to facilitate monitoring and care of newborns as well as early detection and prevention of complications. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of mothers at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City - Branch 2, from July 2024 to May 2025. Results: A total of 148 mother–infant pairs meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Among the mothers, 16.9% had a family history of diabetes, 54% had a multiparous history, 5.4% had a history of preterm birth, 75.7% underwent cesarean section, 16.9% had comorbidities, and 94.6% received dietary management for GDM. Neonatal outcomes included preterm birth (5.4%), post-term birth (3.4%), low birth weight (2.7%), and macrosomia (≥ 4,000 g) in 4.1% of infants. Twenty-one neonates (14.2%) underwent capillary blood glucose testing immediately after birth; the incidence of hypoglycaemia was 28.6% after the first test and 0% after the second and third tests. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 46.6%, with 12.8% requiring phototherapy. Respiratory distress occurred in 1.4%, neonatal infection in 2.7%, and congenital anomalies in 1.4% of infants. Conclusion: Early neonatal care is crucial for preventing, detecting, and promptly managing potential complications in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes