ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN HO RA MÁU ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỔI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with hemoptysis who underwent surgical treatment at the National Lung Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 205 patients aged ≥16 years who underwent surgery for hemoptysis at the National Lung Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. Results: The mean age was 50 years, with males accounting for 76%. Forty-one percent of patients had a history of hemoptysis prior to hospitalization. Most patients had a history of pulmonary disease, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common (55.6%). The mean duration from onset of hemoptysis to hospital admission was 15 days. Among the study population, 99 patients (48.3%) had mild hemoptysis, 58 patients (28.3%) had moderate hemoptysis, and 47 patients (22.9%) had severe hemoptysis.Histopathological findings showed Aspergillus infection as the most common lesion (40.5%), followed by tuberculous inflammation (22.9%) and bronchiectasis (16.1%). CT imaging revealed diverse lesions, with the three most common being nodules (33.7%), consolidations (41.5%), and fungal balls (48.3%).Vascular abnormalities were detected in 109 patients (53.2%), mainly involving the bronchial artery system. Vascular lesion types included trunk dilatation, proliferation, tortuosity, and pseudoaneurysm. The most frequent was trunk dilatation (observed in 84/109 patients with vascular lesions), while tortuous vessels and pseudoaneurysms were less common. Conclusion: The mean age of the patients was 50 years. Male patients accounted for 76.1%. A total of 41% had a history of hemoptysis prior to hospital admission. Pulmonary tuberculosis was reported in 55.6% of patients. The average interval from the onset of hemoptysis to hospital admission was 15 days. The severity of hemoptysis was classified as mild (99 patients, 48.3%), moderate (58 patients, 28.3%), and severe (47 patients, 22.9%). Computed tomography revealed diverse lesions, with the three most common findings being consolidation nodules and cavities. The most frequent vascular abnormality was bronchial trunk dilatation.