KHẢO SÁT MẬT ĐỘ XƯƠNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH UNG THƯ TUYẾN GIÁP BIỆT HÓA SAU PHẪU THUẬT CẮT TOÀN BỘ TUYẾN GIÁP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NỘI TIẾT TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to describe bone mineral density (BMD) characteristics and analyze associated factors in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following total thyroidectomy. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 165 patients with DTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from July 2024 to July 2025. Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were collected. BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The mean age of participants was 50.2 ± 11.3 years, with 92.7% being female. In the high-risk group (postmenopausal women and men over 50), the overall osteoporosis prevalence was 22.9%. Osteoporosis was more common at the LS (21.7%) than at the FN (3.6%) (p < 0.05). BMD significantly decreased with age (p < 0.01) and in postmenopausal individuals (p < 0.01). A postoperative duration > 5 years was associated with lower FN BMD (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified age (β = –0.386; p = 0.001) and menopausal status (β = 0.227; p = 0.043) as the strongest independent predictors of BMD. Conclusions: Age and menopausal status are the key determinants of BMD reduction in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. Routine BMD screening is essential, particularly for high-risk groups, to facilitate timely interventions and prevent osteoporotic fractures.