KHẢO SÁT NỒNG ĐỘ VITAMIN B12 HUYẾT THANH Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 CAO TUỔI CÓ SỬ DỤNG METFORMIN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ

Abstract

Background: Metformin is a widely used oral hypoglycemic agent and remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, long-term use of metformin has been associated with reduced serum vitamin B12 levels. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin B12 levels and associated factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin at Friendship Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, including a control group for comparison. A total of 202 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin (patient group) and 51 elderly individuals without diabetes (control group) were enrolled. Results: The mean serum vitamin B12 concentration in the patient group (550.7 ± 271.9 pmol/L) was not significantly different from that of the control group (551.8 ± 238.6 pmol/L). The rate of vitamin B12 supplementation was significantly higher in the patient group (79.7%) than in the control group (23.5%) (p < 0.05). Among the patients, 5.5% had subnormal vitamin B12 levels, with 3.5% classified as having absolute deficiency (<150 pmol/L) and 2% at risk of deficiency (150–220 pmol/L). No statistically significant correlation was observed between vitamin B12 deficiency and either the duration or the dosage of metformin use. Conclusion: The mean vitamin B12 concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin was slightly lower than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Absolute vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 3.5% of patients, and 2% were at risk of deficiency.