ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA TIÊU CHẢY CẤP Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of acute diarrhea in children aged 2 months to 5 years at Thai Nguyen Central Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A total of 157 children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute diarrhea meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled (38,9% female and 61,1% male). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Results: The highest proportion of patients were in the 2 – 24 months age group (75,2%). Most cases had no dehydration (79,6%), while 20,4% had dehydration; no cases of severe dehydration were reported. Stool frequency was fewer than 10 times per day in 81,5% of cases. The majority of stools were watery without mucus or blood (71,3%). Accompanying symptoms included vomiting (58%), fever (72,6%), loss of appetite (59,2%), abdominal pain (16,6%), tenesmus (6,4%), and abdominal distension (2,5%). The leukocytosis rate was 45,9%. Electrolyte disturbances included hyponatremia (31,8%) and hypokalemia (13,4%). White blood cells were present in 31,8% of stool samples, and red blood cells in 21%. The rate of positive Rotavirus detection was 31,8%. Conclusion: Acute diarrhea is most commonly seen in children under 24 months of age, with the majority of cases presenting without dehydration. Vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite are frequent accompanying symptoms. Hyponatremia is the most common subclinical finding. Stool tests showed that only a small number of patients had red or white blood cells present in the stool.