ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM PHỔI NẶNG Ở TRẺ TỪ 2 THÁNG - 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN A THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical, paraclinical characteristics of severe pneumonia in children aged 2 months–5 years at A Thai Nguyen Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 children diagnosed with severe pneumonia (WHO criteria) from August 2024 to August 2025. Results: Among 106 patients, males accounted for 54.7% and females 45.3%. The age group of 2–12 months had a higher proportion (61.3%) compared to the age group of 12 months–5 years (38.7%). Common symptoms included cough (100%), wheezing (90.6%), tachypnea (83%), severe chest indrawing (80.2%), and cyanosis (24.5%). Pulmonary rales were detected in all cases, moist/crackles were present in 100% of cases, while wheezing/rhonchi were observed in 72.6%. Systemic danger signs included: vomiting everything (18.9%), refusal to feed/inability to drink (14.2%), and seizures (2.8%). Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) < 95% was observed in 73.6% of patients. Leukocytosis was present in 52.8 %, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in 40.6%. Chest X-ray findings mainly showed alveolar infiltrates (32.1%) and lobar consolidation (6.6%). Regarding etiology, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 38.7%, Haemophilus influenzae in 17%, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 14.2%. Conclusion: Severe pneumonia in children under 5 years old predominantly affects infants, with typical clinical manifestations including cough, dyspnea, severe chest indrawing, and pulmonary rales. RSV was the leading viral pathogen, while S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae remained important bacterial etiologies.