NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM PHÂN BỐ VI KHUẨN VÀ TÍNH KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHIỄM KHUẨN CỘNG ĐỒNG

Abstract

Objective: Survey of bacterial characteristics and antibiotic resistance in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) at Military Hospital 103. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study including 35 patients diagnosed with CAP or CA-UTI admitted to Hospital 103 from December 2024 to April 2025. Clinical data and bacterial culture results were collected. Bacteria were identified and tested for antibiotic resistance using the VITEK 2 system. Results: Mean age 69.4 ± 17.6 years; female: 57.1%. CA-UTI: 68.6%, CAP: 31.4%. Escherichia coli predominated in CA-UTI (66.7%, 16/24); in CAP E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae each accounted for 27.3%. All strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The number of underlying diseases was associated with the level of resistance (β=0.83, p=0.010). Carbapenems were most effective (>77%), Gentamicin ~57%, Cephalosporin ~48–49%. Ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX were least effective. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria predominated in both CAP (81.8%) and CA-UTI (95.8%). Both groups of bacteria had high levels of resistance. More underlying diseases were associated with higher levels of resistance. Carbapenems remained effective against multidrug-resistant strains; some oral antibiotics (fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin) can be considered for uncomplicated UTI.