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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DYSPHAGIA AND SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE
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Abstract
Objective: Dysphagia is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, increased mortality, diminished quality of life, and greater social isolation. This study examines the association between dysphagia and the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients after ischemic stroke. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 68 ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Stroke Department, 103 Military Hospital, from March to August. Dysphagia was assessed at admission by clinical swallowing examination, during hospitalization, and at 2-month follow-up using the (SINGER) Independence Index at the Stroke Clinic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated at 2 months using the Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Dysphagia was identified in 39,7% of patients at admission, persisted in 26,5% at discharge, and remained in 20,6% after 2 months. The prevalence of post-stroke depression and anxiety at 2 months was 29.4% and 25%, respectively. Persistent dysphagia was significantly associated with both depression (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.18–8.25; p = 0.01) and anxiety (OR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.05–7.18; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Dysphagia after ischemic stroke is independently associated with the risk of developing depressive and anxiety symptoms. Early screening and intervention for dysphagia may improve both physical recovery and mental health outcomes
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Keywords
Ischemic stroke; Dysphagia; Depression; Anxiety; Post-stroke complications; SINGER Index
References
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