ĐÁNH GIÁ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ VÀ BIẾN CHỨNG THƯỜNG GẶP SAU PHẪU THUẬT ĐÓNG HẬU MÔN NHÂN TẠO TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors and common postoperative complications after stoma closure surgery at Can Tho General Hospital, and to determine the relationship between postoperative complications and nursing care outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical components was conducted on 56 patients who underwent stoma closure surgery from January 2022 to October 2024. Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, postoperative symptoms, complications, and care outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most patients had a normal body mass index (BMI) (89.3%) and no comorbidities (60.7%). The most common symptoms within the first 24 hours were severe pain (60.7%) and abdominal distension (42.9%). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 32.2%, including surgical site infection (23.2%), anastomotic leak (5.4%), postoperative ileus (1.8%), and wound bleeding (1.8%). Good nursing care outcomes were achieved in 73.2% of patients. A statistically significant association was found between postoperative complications and care outcomes, with patients experiencing complications having a markedly higher rate of poor care outcomes (χ² = 24.548; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Postoperative complications, particularly surgical site infections, remain a major concern after stoma closure surgery. Identifying risk factors and closely monitoring abnormal postoperative signs are essential to improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes.