ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN BỆNH NHÂN TRỨNG CÁ THỂ THÔNG THƯỜNG MỨC ĐỘ VỪA VÀ NẶNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC KỸ THUẬT Y TẾ HẢI DƯƠNG NĂM 2024

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris represents the most prevalent clinical type of acne, particularly affecting adolescents. Lesions are predominantly localized to seborrheic areas such as the face, chest, and back. The clinical presentation is polymorphic, including open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Objective: Description of clinical characteristics and associated factors in patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris at Hai Duong Medical Technical University Hospital, 2024. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 36 patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris diagnosed at Hai Duong Medical Technical University Hospital from August 2024 to January 2025. Results: In this study, acne occurred predominantly in the 18–24 age group (94.4%), with a female-to-male ratio of 3:1. The majority of participants were students (97.2%). The most common disease duration was less than 6 months (44.4%).The main clinical symptoms included erythema (80.6%), pruritus (58.3%), warmth/swelling (63.9%), and tenderness/pain (58.3%). Lesions were primarily located on the face (100%), followed by the back (30.6%), chest (16.7%), and other locations (2.8%).The most common primary lesion was open comedones (94.4%), followed by closed comedones (61.1%), papules (63.9%), pustules (55.6%), nodules (69.4%), and cysts, which had the lowest rate (25%). Moderate acne accounted for the majority of cases (69.4%), while severe acne accounted for 30.6%. The odds of having severe acne were 20.125 times higher in males compared to females.A significant association was observed between the habit of consuming sweets/snacks ≥ 7 times per week and the severity of acne. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris is commonly seen in adolescents, with a higher prevalence among females, mainly students. The majority of participants had a disease duration of less than 6 months.The most frequently reported clinical symptoms were erythema and localized warmth/swelling. The most common primary lesion was open comedones, while cysts had the lowest prevalence.Most participants had moderate acne. Males were 20.125 times more likely to present with severe acne compared to females.A significant association was found between consuming sweets/snacks ≥7 times per week and increased acne severity.