SO SÁNH MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA MỘT SỐ CHỈ DẤU SINH HỌC (LIPASE, CRP, PCT, IG%) VỚI MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG BỆNH VIÊM TỤY CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas, ranging from mild self-limited forms to severe cases with multiorgan failure and high mortality. Early assessment of disease severity is essential for prognosis and management decisions. Although scoring systems such as BISAP, SOFA, and CTSI are widely used, they have limitations due to the need for multiple parameters and follow-up time. Recently, several biomarkers including Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), Immature Granulocyte percentage (IG%), and Lipase have been investigated for their prognostic value in AP, yet evidence in Vietnam remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between selected biomarkers (PCT, CRP, IG%, Lipase) and disease severity in acute pancreatitis according to BISAP, SOFA, and CTSI scores. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 173 patients diagnosed and treated for acute pancreatitis at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City from October 2024 to September 2025. Biomarker levels were measured and compared across severity groups defined by BISAP, SOFA, and CTSI scores. Results: The median age of patients was 47 years (IQR 36–66), with 60.7% males. According to CTSI, 31.2% of patients had severe disease. Elevated levels of CRP, PCT, and IG% were significantly associated with severe cases (p < 0.05) and showed a positive correlation with severity across all scoring systems, particularly CTSI. PCT demonstrated the strongest correlation (r = 0.56; p < 0.001), while serum lipase is elevated in most patients with a median of 1,065.5 U/L, confirming the value of this test in the definitive diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: PCT, CRP, and IG% are valuable biomarkers for assessing disease severity in acute pancreatitis, especially when combined with BISAP and CTSI scores. The integration of these markers may enhance early risk stratification and clinical decision-making.