KHẢO SÁT CÁC YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN KẾT QUẢ TẦM SOÁT NGHE KÉM Ở TRẺ NHŨ NHI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Background: Newborn hearing screening is the first step in early intervention. Identifying risk factors associated with "Refer" screening results is crucial for optimizing protocols, guiding follow-up, and counseling families. Objective: To investigate risk factors affecting auditory responses in infants through transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions - TEOAE) screening. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted on 919 infants at the University Medical Center HCMC from September 2024 to May 2025. The association between risk factors (maternal and infant characteristics) and TEOAE screening outcomes was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Significant factors were included in a multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent predictors. Results: Factors significantly associated with a "Refer" TEOAE result included: admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p<0.001), NICU stay ≥5 days (p<0.001), birth weight ≤ 1500g (p=0.005), and a 5-minute Apgar score ≤6 (p=0.02). Multivariate logistic regression identified NICU stay ≥5 days as the strongest independent risk factor, increasing the odds of a "Refer" result by 6.6 times (OR=6.6; 95% CI: 2.1–20.6; p=0.001). Maternal hypertension during pregnancy also showed a trend towards increased risk (OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.0–8.4; p=0.059). Conclusion: Infants with a history of NICU stay ≥5 days, very low birth weight, and low 5-minute Apgar scores are at a higher risk of failing TEOAE hearing screening. Identifying these high-risk groups helps tailor more appropriate screening and follow-up strategies.