KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT U NGUYÊN TUỶ BÀO Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical and imaging diagnosis characteristics and to evaluate surgical outcomes of posterior fossa medulloblastoma in children at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of 32 pediatric patients diagnosed and surgically treated for medulloblastoma from January 1 to December 31, 2024. Results: Mean age was 6.65 ± 3.96 years, male/female ratio 1.13. The most common symptoms were headache (75%), vomiting (75%), and cerebellar syndrome (65.6%). Tumors were mostly located in the vermis (78.1%), measured 3–5 cm (62.5%), showed strong contrast enhancement (93.8%), and were associated with hydrocephalus (93.8%). Gross total resection was achieved in 53.1%. Postoperative complications included motor deficits (34.4%), mutism (15.6%), and meningitis (15.6%). The 3-month postoperative mortality was 31.2%. MRI follow-up showed residual tumor in 27.3% and spinal dissemination in 22.7%. Conclusions: Posterior fossa medulloblastoma in children typically presents with signs of intracranial hypertension and cerebellar syndrome. Surgery remains crucial in management, but postoperative complications and mortality remain high. Early detection and multimodal therapy are essential to improve outcomes.