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STATUS OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION IN LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS FROM PATIENTS WITH BENIGN HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 1
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Abstract
Introduction: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in benign haematological disorders can be categorised into three clinical forms: acute EBV infection (AEBV), chronic EBV infection (CEBV), and chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). Quantification of EBV DNA in different cell subsets plays a crucial role in assessing the progression of EBV-related benign haematological conditions. Therefore, identification of EBV-infected subsets is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Objective: To determine the detection rate of EBV in whole blood, B lymphocytes, and T/NK lymphocytes using real-time PCR. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 35 EBV-infected patients, including 10 AEBV cases, 10 CAEBV cases, and 15 CEBV cases, admitted between December 2024 and April 2025. EBV infection status in different subsets was determined using real-time PCR, with viral loads quantified based on a standard curve. Results: The AEBV group included three diseases (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, infectious mononucleosis, and hemolytic anemia); the CAEBV group included two diseases (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and infectious mononucleosis); and the CEBV group included four diseases (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, infectious mononucleosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic anemia). EBV was detected in both B lymphocytes and T/NK lymphocytes. In the CEBV group, a powerful positive correlation was observed between whole blood and both B lymphocytes (r = 0.99; p < 0.05) and T/NK lymphocytes (r = 0.98; p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in EBV DNA load in T lymphocytes was observed between the AEBV–CAEBV group and the CEBV group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of quantifying EBV DNA in infected cell subsets in benign hematological disorders. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings
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Keywords
Epstein-Barr virus, benign hematological disorders, acute EBV infection (AEBV), chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), chronic EBV infection (CEBV).
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