KIẾN THỨC TỰ CHĂM SÓC CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH XƠ GAN ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH HẢI DƯƠNG NĂM 2024

Abstract

Objective: To describe the self-care knowledge of patients with cirrhosis treated at Hai Duong Provincial General Hospital in 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis in the Department of Gastroenterology and the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hai Duong Provincial General Hospital from October 2024 to January 2025. Results: The proportion of patients with good self-care knowledge was only 28.3%. Regarding the causes of the disease, 58.3% of patients recognized alcohol consumption as a cause. About 75% of patients were aware of early symptoms such as fatigue and loss of appetite; 90% knew they should consume more vegetables and fruits; 68.3% knew to limit animal fat intake; 80% recognized the need to avoid alcohol, and 81.7% knew they should not smoke. In addition, 83.3% of patients understood the importance of regular follow-up visits. However, awareness of specific issues related to cirrhosis remained limited: only 50% recognized ascites as a symptom of advanced cirrhosis; 30% were aware of dietary recommendations for esophageal varices; and 28.3% for hepatic encephalopathy. Only 25% knew that constipation should be avoided to prevent complications, and 31.7% understood that medications should not be taken without medical advice. Conclusion: The study found that only 28.3% of patients with cirhosisat Hai Duong Provincial General Hospital had good overall self-care knowledge. Knowledge was particularly limited in recognizing complications, dietary measures to prevent complications, and appropriate medication use. Therefore, health education and medical communication should be strengthened, with intervention programs tailored to patient characteristics and supplemented by individual counseling to improve self-care effectiveness.