KHẢO SÁT TỶ LỆ ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN BẰNG NGHIỆM PHÁP DUNG NẠP GLUCOSE ĐƯỜNG UỐNG Ở THAI PHỤ CÓ TUỔI THAI TỪ 24 – 28 TUẦN

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are endocrine–metabolic disorders with an increasing prevalence in the community. GDM is defined as hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy. Early detection and intervention of GDM can reduce obstetric complications for both the mother and the fetus. The optimal time for GDM screening is between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. Currently, the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) remains the gold standard for diagnosing GDM. Subjects and methods: The cross-sectional study of 251 pregnant women between 24 -28 weeks of gestation without a prior diagnosis of diabetes, who underwent a 75g OGTT according to diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association 2022, from November 2023 to July 2025 at Dong Nai General Hospital. Inclusion criteria: all pregnant women of reproductive age ≥18 years, with gestational age from 24 to 28 weeks, who consented to participate. Exclusion criteria: incomplete data, women with pre-pregnancy diabetes under treatment, those with disorders affecting glucose metabolism such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, or who refused participation,… Results: The average of pregnant women in the study was 30.38 ± 4.9 years; the youngest was 20 and the oldest was 48; 52.6% had secondary or high school education, 45% were workers. The prevalence of GDM among the participants was 29.5% (95% CI: 23.9 – 35.5). Pregnant women with a history of previous GDM had a 6.8-fold higher risk of developing GDM in the current pregnancy compared to those without such a history (OR = 6.80; 95% CI: 1.49–30.88; p = 0.013). No statistically significant difference was found in GDM prevalence between women with or without such a history of hypertension, macrosomia (baby ≥ 4kg), or a family history of diabetes. Women aged ≥35 years had a 3.95-fold increased risk of GDM compared to those <25 years (OR = 4.20; 95% CI: 1.64–10.81; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus should be particularly screened for pregnant women aged ≥35 years or those with a family history of diabetes. Early detection in high-risk groups enables appropriate management planning, thereby reducing complications for both the mother and the fetus.