ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 CÓ BIẾN CHỨNG TĂNG ÁP LỰC THẨM THẤU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and evaluate factors associated with these findings in patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) at Thai Nguyen Central Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 49 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by HHS who were treated at Thai Nguyen Central Hospital from July 2024 to August 2025. Results: The mean age of patients was 69.96 ± 12.9 years, with a predominance in those aged ≥ 65 years. A considerable proportion of patients (24,5%) had not been previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Among those with a prior diagnosis of diabetes, 75,7% were non-adherent to treatment. Glycemic control was poor, with a mean HbA1c level of 12,76 ± 3,33%. Altered consciousness was observed in 42,9% of patients. Most patients were admitted with severe dehydration (40,8%), and 34 cases had acute illnesses and/or concomitant infections. The mortality rate was 16,3%, significantly associated with impaired consciousness, the degree of dehydration on admission, and the presence of acute comorbid conditions (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state tends to occur in elderly patients, those newly diagnosed with diabetes, and those with poor treatment adherence and poor glycemic control. Acute illness or infection, severe dehydration, and altered consciousness were common clinical features. The mortality rate remains high.