KHẢO SÁT TÌNH TRẠNG KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH NHÓM Β-LACTAM CỦA CÁC CHỦNG VI KHUẨN ĐƯỜNG RUỘT PHÂN LẬP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH HẢI DƯƠNG, 2020–2022

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health concern, compromising treatment efficacy and increasing mortality rates. Among bacterial pathogens, gram-negative bacilli of intestinal origin are showing arising trend of resistance, particularly to β-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and β-lactam resistance patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at Hai Duong General Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using culture, bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility data from the Microbiology Department between 2020 and 2022. Eligible isolates included members of the Enterobacteriaceae family subjected to susceptibility testing. Results: A total of 4,953 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were recovered, predominantly Escherichia coli (52.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (38.7%). Infection rates were higher among male patients (61.4%) and individuals aged ≥46, particularly those in the 61–75 age group. Most isolates were obtained from pus samples (46.15%) and from patients in Surgical, Internal Medicine, and Intensive Care units. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing strains was 29.15%, with E. coli accounting for 40.29% of these. E. coli exhibited high resistance to ampicillin (88.91%) and third-generation cephalosporins (>50%), while maintaining susceptibility to carbapenems (<3%). K. pneumoniae showed substantial resistance to piperacillin and cephalosporins (>40%). Proteus spp. and other Enterobacteriaceae exhibited moderate resistance levels but remained highly susceptible to carbapenems. Conclusion: E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the predominant pathogens, demonstrating considerable β-lactam resistance. These findings highlight the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and resistance surveillance in clinical settings.