ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM TAI GIỮA Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRẺ EM HẢI PHÒNG NĂM 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Acute otitis media is a sudden-onset infectious disease that commonly affects children between 24 months and 6 years of age. If not properly diagnosed and thoroughly treated, it may lead to serious complications. A clear understanding of the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of acute otitis media will assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of the condition. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of acute otitis media in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 inpatients under 5 years of age at Hai Phong Children’s Hospital in 2025. Results: The main subjective symptoms included: nasal discharge (97.4%), cough (94.9%), nasal congestion (77.8%), irritability (84.6%), ear holding, rubbing, or pulling (80.3%), and ear pain (70,9%). Otoscopy revealed that most tympanic membranes were markedly hyperemic (>70%), with moderate to severe bulging (>83%) and no otorrhea. Nasopharyngoscopy showed that most children had mucopurulent nasal discharge. Adenoid hypertrophy was observed in 76.9% of cases. Only 3.4% of children had acute tympanic membrane perforation, and 1.7% had acute mastoiditis. In both cases of mastoiditis, the main finding was posterior superior canal wall sagging. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal infections are the primary cause of acute otitis media. The main clinical manifestations include nasal discharge, cough, nasal congestion, ear pain, tympanic membrane hyperemia, and bulging.