ĐÁNG GIÁ KIẾN THỨC TUÂN THỦ TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ ARV CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH HIV/AIDS VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI TTYT HUYỆN BÌNH CHÁNH – TP HCM NĂM 2024

Abstract

Objective: To assess the knowledge of adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment among HIV/AIDS patients at the Department of Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS Treatment Counseling – Binh Chanh District Health Center in 2024, and to describe related factors. The study also identifies the proportion of patients with adequate knowledge, describes adherence practices, and explores factors associated with ARV treatment adherence knowledge. Materials and Methods: A direct interview-based study was conducted with HIV/AIDS patients receiving ARV treatment at the Department of Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS Treatment Counseling – Binh Chanh District Health Center during their routine medication visits. The study used the ARV adherence knowledge assessment tool developed by Le Thi Bich Lien et al. (2006), consisting of 11 multiple-choice questions covering dosage frequency, timing intervals, handling missed doses, and reminder strategies, with a total score ranging from 0 to 29. Knowledge levels were categorized using Bloom’s cut-off point: Adequate (>18 points) and Inadequate. Results: Most patients were male (59.0%), over 25 years old (80.7%), had a high school education (38.6%), and worked as laborers (39.8%). The highest proportion were single (56.6%). The proportion of patients with adequate ARV adherence knowledge was 57.8%. 85.5% knew that ARV is an HIV antiviral medication, and 74.7% understood the need to combine at least three types of drugs. Knowledge of the principle of taking medication twice daily, 12 hours apart, was 100% and 89.2%, respectively. Regarding consequences of non-adherence, 89.2% knew that HIV would not be suppressed, and 39.8% were aware of the risk of drug resistance. 81.9% understood that non-adherence means missing a dose or skipping a day of medication (80.7%). When forgetting a dose, 90.4% correctly knew to take the missed dose immediately. The factor “first-time participation in training” was statistically significantly associated with ARV adherence knowledge (p = 0.002). Other factors such as gender, age group, occupation, initial HIV testing location, reason for HIV infection, and education level showed no statistical significance. onclusion: The study shows that 57.8% of HIV/AIDS patients at Binh Chanh District Health Center had adequate knowledge of ARV treatment adherence. Participation in pre-treatment training was strongly associated with adherence knowledge.