ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, NỘI SOI, MÔ BỆNH HỌC VÀ KẾT QUẢ CẮT POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG QUA NỘI SOI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH QUẢNG NINH

Abstract

Objectives: (1) To describe the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal polyps; and (2) to evaluate the histopathological features and outcomes of endoscopic polypectomy. Methods: A descriptive case-series study was conducted on 200 patients (313 polyps) who underwent endoscopic polypectomy at Quang Ninh General Hospital from January to August 2025. Data on clinical presentation, endoscopic findings (Paris and JNET classifications), histopathology (WHO 2019), procedural outcomes, and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: The mean patient age was 59.8 ± 11.8 years, with those aged ≥60 years accounting for 54.5%. Males comprised 53.0% of the cohort. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom (75.0%). Polyps were most commonly located in the transverse colon (29.1%), with a predominant size of 5–<10 mm (58.1%). Sessile morphology (Paris type Is) was the most common (69.3%). According to the JNET classification, type 2A lesions predominated (73.2%). Histopathology revealed adenomas in 76.7% of polyps. There was a strong correlation between JNET type and histopathology (p < 0.001): 96.5% of type IIA and 100% of type IIB polyps were neoplastic. The overall success rate of polypectomy was 98.0%, with an en-bloc resection rate of 97.1%. Complications were uncommon, including early bleeding in 6.0% and perforation in 0.5% of cases. Conclusion: Endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and highly effective treatment for colorectal polyps. Narrow-band imaging with JNET classification allows accurate prediction of histopathology, thereby supporting optimal therapeutic decision-making.