ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYP 2 KIỂM SOÁT ĐƯỜNG HUYẾT KÉM ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA NỘI TỔNG HỢP – BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA BA VÌ NĂM 2025

Abstract

Background: Glycemic control plays a central role in preventing complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the proportion of patients with poor glycemic control remains high, particularly at primary and district-level healthcare facilities. Objectives: (1) To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of inpatients with poorly controlled T2DM in 2025 at Ba Vi General Hospital; (2) To analyze several factors associated with poor glycemic control. Methods: A descriptive case-series study was conducted on 94 inpatients with T2DM and HbA1c ≥ 7%, admitted to the Department of General Internal Medicine from March to August 2025. Collected data included demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical and laboratory indicators, comorbidities, complications, and lifestyle-related factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. Results: The mean age of the study population was 64,3 ± 11,3 with females outnumbering males. A majority had a disease duration of more than 5 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 23) was high. Most patients presented with comorbid hypertension and dyslipidemia. The majority did not achieve lipid and blood pressure targets. Microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, stroke) were observed at considerable rates. Factors associated with poor glycemic control included high BMI, low educational level, low income, longer disease duration, poor medication adherence, and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: In the study, the patients were primarily elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus for 1 to 5 years and average physical condition. Metabolic disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia of fasting glucose, and HbA1c ≥ 10 mmol/l were present at a high rate. Patients often had comorbidities and complications such as retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and stroke.