TỶ LỆ, NGUYÊN NHÂN VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ CƠN ĐỘNG KINH TRIỆU CHỨNG CẤP TÍNH Ở BỆNH NHÂN TRẺ EM

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence, causes, and treatment outcomes of acute symptomatic seizures in pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Children’s Hospital 2. Subject and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Sampling method: Convenience sampling. Patients were included if they were admitted with an acute symptomatic seizure occurring within the past 7 days, were under 16 years old, and had no prior diagnosis of epilepsy or developmental disorders. Primary outcomes: The incidence of hospital admissions due to acute symptomatic seizures, common underlying causes, and treatment outcomes. Result: Between May 2024 and October 2024, we surveyed 2,728 pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Children’s Hospital 2, of whom 425 met the inclusion criteria. The recorded incidence of hospital admissions due to acute symptomatic seizures was 15.6%. The study population had a mean age of 1.84 years (range: 0.1–15.9 years), with 55.5% being male. Generalized seizures accounted for 95.8% of cases, and 84.7% of children had a fever. Status epilepticus was observed in 12.2% of cases, while 17.6% of patients had an altered level of consciousness upon admission. Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were reported in 37.4%, brain imaging abnormalities in 56.7%, and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in 46.2% of patients. The most common causes of acute symptomatic seizures included febrile seizures (43.8%), gastroenteritis (20%), and central nervous system infections (18.1%). Regarding treatment outcomes, 88.2% of patients were discharged without complications, 8.9% had neurological sequelae, and 2.9% died. Prognostic factors associated with treatment outcomes included altered consciousness, status epilepticus, focal seizures, and central nervous system infections. Conclusion: The incidence of acute symptomatic seizures in children is 15.6%. Febrile seizures are the most common cause, while central nervous system infections are associated with poor outcomes.