ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH NỘI SOI, MÔ BỆNH HỌC VÀ KẾT QUẢ CẮT POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG QUA NỘI SOI BẰNG MÁY CẮT ĐỐT CAO TẦN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH TUYÊN QUANG

Abstract

Background: Colorectal polyps (CRPs) are common premalignant lesions, and endoscopic polypectomy is the most effective method to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. The technique of hot snare polypectomy using a high-frequency electrosurgical unit (Hot Snare Polypectomy) is considered the standard in clinical practice. Objectives: To describe the endoscopic and histopathological characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic colorectal polyp removal using high-frequency cautery at Tuyen Quang Provincial General Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May 2024 to December 2025 on 93 patients diagnosed with CRPs, with a total of 249 polyps treated by high-frequency cautery polypectomy. Data on clinical, endoscopic (location, size, morphology), histopathological (WHO classification, dysplasia grade), and treatment outcomes were collected. The Chi-square (χ²) test was used to compare qualitative variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 59.69 ± 14.0 years, with a male prevalence of 73.1%. Of the 249 polyps, 53.8% were in the left colon and 46.2% in the right colon. Most polyps were < 10mm (71.5%), and the flat morphology was the most common type (39.4%). Histopathological results (n=117) showed that 86.3% were adenomatous polyps, of which 8.5% had high-grade dysplasia. The overall success rate (good and achieved outcomes) was 99.2%. A strong statistically significant association was found between polyp size and treatment outcome (p < 0.001); polyps ≥ 10mm had a suboptimal outcome rate of 70.4%, compared to 9.0% for polyps < 10mm. Conclusion: High-frequency cautery polypectomy is safe and effective, with a high success rate. Polyp size ≥ 10mm is a factor strongly associated with suboptimal treatment outcomes.