KẾT QUẢ ĐỊNH DANH VI KHUẨN TRONG BỆNH VIÊM TAI GIỮA CẤP Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRẺ EM HẢI PHÒNG NĂM 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, acute suppurative otitis media is a major public health concern, with 87.5% of children experiencing at least one episode before the age of five. The disease is characterized by rapid onset of local and systemic symptoms, including fever, upper respiratory tract infection manifestations, ear pain, and middle ear effusion. Bacterial pathogens continuously change in terms of antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity. Therefore, identifying causative bacteria in acute otitis media is essential for determining antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and selecting effective antibiotic therapy. Objectives: To describe the bacterial identification results in acute otitis media among children under 5 years old at Hai Phong Children’s Hospital in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Results: All cases (100%) were culture-positive. Haemophilus influenzae accounted for the highest proportion (59.8%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.9%). In the 6–36-month age group, the positivity rates for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were 74.3% and 80%, respectively. Among children with complicated acute otitis media, 50% were positive for S. pneumoniae, 33.3% for H. influenzae, and 16.7% for M. catarrhalis. Conclusion: H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae are the predominant pathogens causing acute otitis media, with the highest prevalence observed in children aged 6–36 months. S. pneumoniae is associated with a higher likelihood of complications compared to other bacterial groups.