KHẢO SÁT HÌNH THÁI GÓC TIỀN PHÒNG TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN GLAUCOMA GÓC MỞ NGƯỜI TRẺ TỪ 6 ĐẾN DƯỚI 16 TUỔI

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma is a rare subtype of primary glaucoma, characterized by early onset, genetic predisposition, and rapid progression. This study aimed to evaluate anterior chamber angle morphology in juvenile open angle glaucoma patients aged 6–16 and its correlation with baseline intraocular pressure. Methods: A descriptive case series was conducted on 24 juvenile open angle glaucoma patients from June 2024 to June 2025. Gonioscopy was performed using a slit-lamp connected with EyeCap System imaging (Haag – Streit). Angles were classified as normal or dysgenetic. Results: Mean age was 11,96 ± 2,97 years; 54% male. Goniodysgenesis was found in 67%: high iris insertion (42%), featureless angle (12,5%), and prominent iris processes (12,5%). Pre-treatment intraocular pressure was significantly higher in dysgenetic cases (52,9 ± 10 mmHg vs 46,4 ± 7,3 mmHg; p=0,026). No difference in cup-to-disc ratio (p = 0,96 > 0,05) or visual acuity (p > 0,05). Family history was associated with earlier diagnosis and better preserved vision (p=0,005 < 0,05). Conclusions: Anterior chamber angle morphology correlates with baseline intraocular pressure and serves as a prognostic factor in juvenile open angle glaucoma. Family history supports early detection and vision preservation. Gonioscopy remains crucial for clinical assessment.