ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA NỒNG ĐỘ VITAMIN D, CALCI, PHOSPHO HUYẾT THANH VỚI CO GIẬT DO SỐT ĐƠN THUẦN Ở TRẺ EM

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical epidemiological characteristics and analyze the association between serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate with simple febrile seizures (SFS) in children. Subject: The study included 472 pediatric patients with simple febrile seizures and 80 febrile children without seizures, all hospitalized at Hai Phong Children's Hospital from September 1, 2023, to August 31, 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study combined with a case-control design. Results: Simple febrile seizures were most commonly observed in children aged 6 months to 3 years, with a mean age of 24.35 ± 12.12 months. The male-to-female ratio was 1.59:1. At the time of seizure onset, most patients had a body temperature between 39°C and 40°C. Seizures typically occurred early and were brief in duration. The predominant cause of fever was acute respiratory tract infection. Most patients exhibited elevated peripheral white blood cell counts, neutrophils, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Serum vitamin D levels in the SFS group were significantly lower than in the febrile non-seizure group. Children with low serum vitamin D levels had a 9.02-fold increased risk of experiencing SFS. The mean serum calcium level was significantly lower in the SFS group; however, no clear association was found between the degree of calcium deficiency and SFS. Mean serum phosphate levels were also lower in the SFS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Simple febrile seizures are more common in male infants and toddlers, primarily triggered by respiratory infections. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant risk factor for SFS