KẾT QUẢ SÀNG LỌC BỆNH LÂY TRUYỀN QUA ĐƯỜNG MÁU Ở NGƯỜI HIẾN MÁU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH HẢI DƯƠNG

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the screening results of blood-borne infectious diseases among blood donors at Hai Duong provincial General Hospital. Subjects and research methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 13929 individuals who donated blood at mobile collection sites and at the Department of Clinical Hematology – Blood Transfusion, Hai Duong provincial General Hospital, from October 2024 to June 2025. Results: A total of 13900 individuals (99.79%) met the eligibility criteria for blood donation, of whom 63% were female. The majority were aged 33–44 years (33.51%), voluntary donors accounted for 95.91%, and first-time donors accounted for 59.5%. Serological screening detected 2,68% of samples positive for at least one blood-borne pathogen, including HBV (2.09%), HCV (0.25%), HIV (0.12%), and Treponema pallidum (0.22%). Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) performed on 13.527 seronegative samples identified 9 additional HBV-positive cases (0.07%), while no additional HCV- or HIV-positive cases were found. The prevalence of HBV(+) and HCV(+) was higher among males, whereas HIV(+) and Treponema pallidum(+) were higher among females. First-time donors had a higher positivity rate compared to repeat donors. The positivity rate for blood-borne pathogens tended to increase with age, being highest in the 45–60 age group, with a statistically significant difference observed for HBV (p<0,05). Conclusions: The proportion of blood donors testing positive for at least one blood-borne pathogen was 2.68% by chemiluminescent serological screening, with HBV accounting for the highest rate (2.09%), followed by HCV (0.25%), Treponema pallidum (0.22%), and HIV (0.12%). Further screening by Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) on seronegative samples detected an additional 0.07% of HBV-positive cases