ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH SỞI Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI NGHỆ AN

Abstract

Objectives: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 205 children with measles who were hospitalized at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital for 6 months (October 2024 to March 2025) to describe the general clinical and paraclinical characteristics and treatment results of measles in children today. Research Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis. Results: Children with measles under 12 months of age accounted for a high rate of 48.8%; the number of children who had not been vaccinated against measles was 63.7%; the male/female ratio was 1.5/1. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (100%), typical measles rash (100%), cough (90.2%), conjunctivitis (85.4%). PCR for measles was positive in 90.2%. The complication rate of measles in children is 57.6%, mainly pneumonia and diarrhea. The measles treatment regimen includes 100% of children taking vitamin A, 57.6% taking antibiotics in the group with complications, 13.7% being prescribed IVIG when complications are severe, 84.9% completely recovered, 13.7% improved, 1.5% were transferred to a higher level, and there were no deaths. Factors such as not being vaccinated against measles, age, and underlying diseases are related to the increased rate of complications and severity of the disease. Conclusion: Measles is still a common disease in young children who have not been fully vaccinated, with dramatic clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract inflammation and typical measles rash. Timely detection and treatment help control the disease and shorten the treatment time, reducing the rate of complications. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen communication and health education on the benefits of full and timely measles vaccination, knowledge about measles and effective disease prevention methods for families with young children.