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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF LUMBAR FACET JOINT OSTEOARTHRITIS IN PATIENTS TREATED AT VO TRUONG TOAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) Characterize the clinical manifestations and radiographic features of LFJOA in patients presenting with low back pain; and (2) Evaluate the correlation between clinical symptomatology and the radiographic severity of facet joint degeneration. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 patients diagnosed with low back pain at the Musculoskeletal Center, Vo Truong Toan University Hospital, between 2024 and 2025. Results: The prevalence of LFJOA increased with age: 14.7% in patients <45 years, 42.2% in those 45–65 years, and 43.1% in those >65 years. The cohort was predominantly female (68%) compared to males (32%). BMI distribution indicated that 9.2% were obese, 20.2% overweight, 41.3% normal, and 29.4% underweight. Regarding occupational physical demand, 26% engaged in light labor, 52% in moderate labor, and 22% in heavy labor. Clinically, 65.1% of patients presented with chronic pain (>3 months). Pain was primarily localized to the lumbar region (65%), while radicular pain to the buttocks/thighs and feet/toes was reported in 32% and 3% of cases, respectively. Moderate pain intensity (VAS 4–6) was the most common (45.9%). Radiographically, degeneration was most prevalent at the L5–S1 (82.6%) and L4–L5 (78.9%) levels. Degenerative severity was classified as Grade 1 (35.8%), Grade 2 (26.6%), and Grade 3 (37.6%). Comorbid spinal pathologies included foraminal stenosis (49.5%), vertebral compression (41.3%), spondylolisthesis (24.8%), and spinal deformity (21.1%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between Grade 3 degeneration and advanced age (>65 years; p=0.006, Cramer’s V=0.257) as well as heavy physical labor (p<0.001, V=0.387). Conversely, gender (p=0.41), BMI (p=0.423), and lumbar flexion range (Schober’s test; p=0.357) showed no statistically significant association with degenerative severity.
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Keywords
Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis, lumbar spine, diagnostic imaging, low back pain.
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