ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG MẮT DO BASEDOW THEO THANG ĐIỂM HOẠT ĐỘNG LÂM SÀNG (CAS) VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NỘI TIẾT TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of Graves' orbitopathy and identify associated factors at the National Hospital of Endocrinology. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 74 patients diagnosed with Graves' orbitopathy presenting for examination and treatment at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from February 2025 to October 2025. Study variables included: age, gender, tobacco exposure, goiter characteristics, FT4, TSH, and TRAb levels, NOSPECS classification, and Clinical Activity Score (CAS). Results: The majority of patients (86.5%) presented with inactive orbitopathy (CAS < 3), while 13.5% were in the active stage (CAS ≥ 3). The most common clinical signs according to the CAS scale were eyelid edema (59.5%) and conjunctival injection (24.3%). Analysis of associated factors indicated that male gender (OR=13.6; 95% CI: 2.44-75.4) and exposure to tobacco smoke (OR=4.45; 95% CI: 1.05-18.94) were independent risk factors for active orbitopathy. No statistically significant association was found between age, disease duration, goiter characteristics, TRAb levels, or thyroid function and the CAS score. Conclusion: The prevalence of active Graves' orbitopathy was 13.5%. Routine application of the CAS score during clinical examination is recommended, along with enhanced smoking cessation counseling for both patients and their families