KHẢO SÁT TÌNH TRẠNG ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ TRÊN THAI PHỤ ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. If not well controlled, it may lead to serious complications for both mother and fetus. In recent years, the prevalence of GDM in Vietnam has increased significantly due to multiple factors such as advanced maternal age, rising obesity rates, and changing lifestyles. This study was conducted to provide data on the status of GDM among pregnant women in an urban setting with diverse risk factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify its associations with factors such as BMI, gravidity, gestational age and family history of diabetes. Study population: A total of 153 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks’ gestation who attended antenatal care and underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at Le Van Thinh Hospital. GDM was diagnosed according to Decision No. 1470 of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied. Data on maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gravidity, and family history of diabetes were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 with chi-square test and logistic regression.  Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was 17,0% (26/153). The highest rate of abnormal blood glucose levels was observed 1 hour after glucose intake (10,5%), followed by 2 hours (9,8%), and the lowest was fasting glucose (5,9%). A pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 4,37; p = 0,008) and a family history of diabetes (OR = 8,83; p = 0,002) were found to be significantly associated with GDM. In contrast, having two or more pregnancies (OR = 0,971; p = 0,98) and maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1,341; p = 0,631) showed no significant association with GDM. Conclusion: Early screening and effective management of GDM are crucial to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.