NGHIÊN CỨU YẾU TỐ TIÊN LƯỢNG NẶNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN CÚM MÙA TẠI KHU VỰC MỸ ĐỨC – THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI, NĂM 2025

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, and primary-level management and to identify poor prognostic factors in patients with seasonal influenza in My Duc District, Ha Noi City in 2025. Subjects and Methods: A prospective and cross-sectional study on 130 patients diagnosed with seasonal influenza in My Duc District, Ha Noi City from January 2025 to December 2025. Results: The most commonly affected age group was children under 5 years of age (43.8%) and the proportion of male patients was higher than females (53.1% vs 46.9%). Common clinical manifestations included fever (97.7%), coughing (95.5%), upper respiratory tract infection (86.2%), sputum production (98.3%), white mucoid sputum (86.7%), pulmonary crackles on auscultation (54.6%), wheezing (21.5%), chest wall retractions (3.8%), leukocytosis (53.8%), and elevated CRP (60.8%). Influenza virus A infection accounted for 71.8% of cases while influenza virus B accounted for 18.2%. Complication rate was 83.8%. Outpatient treatment was provided to 74.7% of patients while 25.3% of patients required inpatient hospitalization. Factors identified as poor prognostic included patients under 5 years of age, elderly patients over 65, presence of underlying diseases, comorbidities, coinfection; pregnancy; incomplete immunization or vaccination against influenza; clinical signs such as altered mental status, extensive pulmonary crackles, cyanosis, chest wall retractions; extensive chest lesions on radiography and delayed presentation to medical care. Conclusion: Seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses, with type A being the most prevalent. The predominant clinical manifestations are fever, coughing, rhinorrhea, and pulmonary crackles on auscultation, with respiratory tract infections being the most common complications. Multiple factors are associated with poor prognosis in patients with seasonal influenza. Publicizing education on influenza, influenza vaccination and early disease dectection and treatment according to principles is necessary.