ỨNG DỤNG QUAN SÁT CHUYỂN ĐỘNG NHÃN CẦU (VNG) VÀ BÀI KIỂM TRA LẮC ĐẦU CÓ GHI HÌNH (vHIT) TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN NGUYÊN NHÂN CHÓNG MẶT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 175

Abstract

Objective: To describe the characteristics of Videonystagmography (VNG) and Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) across different etiologies of vertigo, thereby clarifying the differential diagnostic value of combining these assessments. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 73 patients presenting with vertigo at Military Hospital 175 from July 2024 to October 2025. All patients underwent clinical examination and vestibular function assessment using VNG and vHIT systems. Results: The mean age of the study population was 46.92 ± 12.25 years, with males accounting for 50.7%. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) was the most common cause (45%), followed by unilateral vestibulopathy (31.51%) and other causes (23.21%). Vestibular function analysis revealed distinct patterns: BPPV Group (n=33) characterized by 100% positive positional maneuvers on VNG. On vHIT, the mean VOR gain was preserved (1.10 ± 0.15) with no recorded saccades. Unilateral Vestibulopathy Group (n=23) showed severe functional impairment on both systems. The Caloric test revealed a high abnormality rate (91.3%). On vHIT, the mean lateral VOR gain was significantly reduced (0.62 ± 0.28), and the prevalence of compensatory saccades was very high (91.3%). Meniere’s Disease Group (n=12) demonstrated a clear dissociation between the two methods. While the abnormality rate on the Caloric test was very high (91.67%), the rate of reduced VOR gain on vHIT was low (16.67%). Conclusion: The combination of VNG and vHIT is essential for identifying specific vestibular lesion patterns. While VNG is superior for diagnosing BPPV and detecting low-frequency deficits, vHIT is valuable for quantifying high-frequency deficits and detecting compensatory saccades.