KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ CỦA BỆNH VIÊM TIỂU PHẾ QUẢN CẤP Ở TRẺ EM DƯỚI 2 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory disease in children under two years of age, with treatment mainly being supportive. Identifying risk factors associated with the disease is essential for developing effective preventive strategies. Objectives: To evaluate treatment outcomes and investigate some risk factors associated with acute bronchiolitis in children under two years old at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted involving 80 children with acute bronchiolitis and 80 control children at Can Tho Children’s Hospital from January 2025 to July 2025. Results: Most children with acute bronchiolitis were <6 months old, with a higher proportion of males, mainly from rural areas; however, there were no significant differences in sex, age, residence, or weight between two groups. Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids were the most frequently used medications, and 10% developed respiratory failure requiring oxygen therapy. The recovery rate was 98,7%, and 1,3% of severe cases required referral. The mean hospital stay was 6,3+3,3 days, with 65% treated for <7 days. Passive smoking exposure and lack of breastfeeding were identified as independent risk factors (both p<0,001). Conclusions: Treatment outcomes of acute bronchiolitis in children <2 years were good; however, bacterial superinfection remained relatively common. Health education for parents to avoid smoking and to promote exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months is important to reduce the risk of acute bronchiolitis in children.