ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ NGUYÊN NHÂN VIÊM ÂM ĐẠO Ở PHỤ NỮ ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN HẢI DƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and some etiologies of vaginitis in women examined at Hai Duong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 88 women diagnosed with vaginitis who visited the Outpatient Department of Hai Duong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from November 2023 to January 2024. Subjects were assessed for clinical characteristics, obstetric and gynecological history, and vaginal discharge was tested using wet mount microscopy and Gram staining. Results: Vaginitis was most common in the 30-40 age group (33%). Common gynecological histories included genital infections (56.8%), abortion (19.3%), and miscarriage (14.8%). The majority of patients presented with subjective symptoms (89.8%), most commonly vaginal discharge (73.9%) and vulvar itching/burning (56.8%). Other symptoms included painful intercourse (35.4%) and foul-smelling discharge (28.4%); 51.1% of cases had a combination of symptoms. Among cases with vaginal discharge, white or gray discharge was the most common (36.9%), followed by yellow, purulent discharge (29.2%). Vaginal fluid analysis revealed leukocytes in 87.5% of cases. The most common cause of vaginitis was gram-negative bacilli (58%), followed by cocci (28.5%) and Candida fungi (25%); Trichomonas vaginalis was present at a low rate (2.3%). Conclusion: Vaginitis primarily affects women of reproductive age, is associated with a history of obstetric and gynecological conditions, and presents with diverse clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests, particularly microscopic examination and Gram staining of vaginal discharge, reveal imbalances in the vaginal microbiome and play a crucial role in determining the etiology and guiding appropriate treatment.